Intermolecular Bonding Essay :: essays research papers

Intermolecular Bonding EssayWrite an essay on intermolecular tie uping. let off how each type of bond arisesand the evidence for the existence of each. Comment on their strengths inrelation to the types of atoms involved the covalent bond and relative to eachother. routine the concepts of different types and strengths of intermolecular bondsto explain the followingThere exists four types of intermolecular bonding, they include ionic, covalent,Van der waals and enthalpy bonding. In order to describe the existence of much(prenominal)bonding you must also understand the concepts of polarity, polar and non-polar,and negatronegativity.Ionic bonds argon created by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom toanother. In this process of electron transfer, each atom becomes a ion that isisoelectronic with the nearest noble blow., the substance is held together byelectrostatic draws amidst the ions. The tendency for these ions to be formedby elements is corespondent to the oct et rule, when atoms react,, they tend todo so in such a way that they attain an outer reprimand containing eight electrons.The factors that effect the formation of ions are ionization energy, electronaffinity, lattice energy.Figure 1The transfer of electrons involved in the formation of (a) sodium chloride and(b) calcium fluoride. Each atom forms an ion with an outer shell containingeight electrons.For many elements, compounds cannot be formed by the production of ions, sincethe energy released in the formation of the lattice of ions would beinsufficient to overcome the energy indispensable to form the ions would beinsufficient to overcome the energy required to form the ions in the first place.In order for the atoms to achieve a noble gas configuration they must useanother method of bonding by the process of electron sharing. From figure 2, youcan see that the example of both hydrogen atoms combing. As the atoms get closertogether, each electron experiences an attraction towards the two nuclei and theelectron density shifts so that the most probable place to find the twoelectrons is between the two nuclei. Effectively each atom now has a share ofboth the electrons. The electron density between the two nuclei exerts anattractive force on each nucleus keeping them held tightly together in acovalent bond.Figure 2A covalent bond forming between two hydrogen atoms.It is also possible for two atoms share more than one pair of electrons, sharingtwo pairs results in a double bond and sharing three pairs results in a triplebond. Electronegativity is a measure of how powerful a atom is in a molecule to