How computers effect our lives?

Computer as a tool and a technique product is no longer strange for people in modern society. People use computer anywhere with and field. Computers have played an amazing role in the world. Nowadays, almost everybody has more than one computer in their home. More areas are being taken over by the computer. Today, the computer has changed the business world and our daily lives. To begin with, can you image that you live without computers during a week?For me, it is absolutely not possible since I use computer to contact my family and my friend everyday. Most of the youth of today use computers to relax in their daily lives. They play computer games or enjoy in the social network. Also, people can choose movies and listen to music that they like. In addition, computers are essential tools that help people in work area. Programs can do various functions and ease the process of doing it manually without computer. For instance, designers use software to deal with all the advertising and design papers.Businessmen use computers to communicate with their clients like video chat, online phones and sales transaction, while some people can find a job or an opportunity on the internet. Moreover, the most important is that computer improves efficiency for people’s lives. For example, individuals not only can use computers to book trios online, but also book hotels, flights even a delicious meal. Furthermore, people can shop on line to buy anything for a lower price. It’s not only convenient, but also saves people money and time.Additionally, computers are used extensively in public department like hospitals; the doctors can log new information or take the medical history from the patient. Also, computers play a significant role in a surgery which the doctors can know the condition about the patient during the process. It is the best way to help doctors analyze and solve problems for patients. Besides medical system, in the high crime rate society computer tec hniques help the police to analyze cases and it’s both quick and accurate to solve a case.Computers are the best tool to learn about people whether you are old or a disabled person. It is no longer that time, when people only could be educated in school. Nowadays, everyone can study online to learn languages, cultures, history etc. Also, you can watch public classes online courses from Yale, Stanford, Oxford which have fascinating selection to attract you to help develop cognitive abilities. You needn’t go to the UK or US, the only one thing you do is just open your computer then enjoy it. On the other hand, the computer is a great tool for people who are looking to learn anything in the world.Whether you want to read books or search the news, or get information worldwide, the computer can handle all these of things. Computer can compute thousands of problems in just a second. You can send documents in just one click and keep in touch with your relatives in aboard. Fin ally, the computer is a very spectacular tool that can change and effect people’s lives. The computer has truly revolutionized changed this epoch. It has made everyone’s life easier by doing difficult subjects. The computer is one of the most incredible inventions in history.

Comparative Paper Play School and Hi-5 Essay

Despite all the modern excitements that Network 9’s Hi-5 presents, the traditional and ABC’s Play School offers more for early learners. These two children shows are compared in the features of form, purpose, audience and social context. Hi-5 is contemporary and fast paced reflecting the modern culture whereas Play School maintains a sense of simplicity and the traditional elements which still fulfil the 21st century child. The importance of Hi-5 is to entertain whereas Play School educates effectively. The purpose of the opening credits is to draw out the wanted moods of the audience. Apparently, each calming episode of Play School begins with its symbolic, cheerful tune introducing the familiar characters. The opening animation is set in softer tones which attract an open gender audience with characters inviting them to, â€Å"come inside.† This sets up a comforting atmosphere where the children feel valued and safe, allowing learning to take place. Through the opening credits, Play School displays traditional, simple values which emphasize and develop their main purpose of education. Hi-5 is very much concerned with image, consumerism and technology, and as seen in the opening credits, it immediately reinforces the main purpose of entertainment. The vibrant colours which are almost glowing and the coloured patterns, female titled the audience into a state of joy, somewhat reproducing the scene at a disco. The opening credits heavily feature their Hi-5 logo, which in turn is a devious form of product placement. Overall, both shows’ opening credits are shown in a uniquely way. Play School is presented in a calm and a peaceful playful way, whereas, Hi-5 is shown in an upbeat and over exaggerated enjoyable, fun way. Whereas Hi-5’s priority is to create excitement and sell the product through setting and music, Play School’s aim is to provide education in an enjoyable way and helping the children’s intell igence and development. Play School is filmed in a studio resembling a house, in a safe, comfortable and calming surrounding encouraging learning. The realistic setting is provided with familiar, recognizable features such as house lights and colourful curtains. Many aspects of learning are taught through well-known songs sung in the traditional, common style to the simple supplement of a piano. The natural lighting adds to this sense of reality, and a controlled colour frame creates a calm, familiar mood for the audience. Hi-5 too, is shot in a studio, however, it is filmed with the presence of a live audience emphasising a concert setting, reinforcing its main purpose of entertainment. The vibrant lights blink like a performance, and the setting is spare with no familiar objects. This reflects modern popular culture, celebrity obsession and playful fun. Yet, while unfamiliar, Hi-5 is still very exciting, inspiring the children’s imagination forcing them to use their imagination. This creates a happy atmosphere emphasising an exciting and energetic mood reinforcing the main purpose of entertainment. Therefore, both television shows have different and similar ways to engage the audience and their emotions. The structure of these two shows is controlled by the film techniques and technology. Hi-5 relies on flashing disco, coloured effects and cameras, whereas, Play School relies on a more naive approach. The constant, linear panning and minimal editing present in Play School reinforces the slow, calming mood. The viewer’s point of view is enhanced through the use of camera angles and a balanced full range of shots. This reinforces closeness and a connection between viewer and presenter. The minimal use of technology in Play School is non-threatening; everyday objects are used to make craft which breaks down social barriers and encourages imagination. The toys used are familiar and old-fashioned, encouraging a sense of tradition. Hi-5 however uses modern filming techniques with multiple cameras and fast, complex editing. The camera angles and differing points of view are unusual adding to the excitement and overexcited emotions. Combined into Hi-5 is animation, using props and graphics which appeal to a slightly older audience who live in a technological world. The props used, increase the party image preventing children from using their imagination. The main purpose is to entertain, whereas the purpose of Play School is to educate. So therefore, the features used in both programmes differ in order to meet the intended purposes. Through the use of soothing and calm tones, Play School enables their viewers to feel safe, while engaging them in learning. Through repetition, questions, instructions, alliteration and rhyme, the presenters repeat that learning is easy and fun. The combination of languages like in the simple song, â€Å"Bravo Bravisimo,† and the inclusion of sign language, Play School highlights social acceptance and multiculturalism creating a stronger bond between the viewer and th e presenters, reinforcing the purpose of education. The light, good humour is also combined to fulfil their secondary purpose of entertainment. Hi-5 uses the sophisticated and complex humour of jokes and parodies. Through giggling for instance, an exaggerated and happy tone is created as the presenters attempt to reflect a child’s intelligence. This is further reinforced through the regular use of everyday language creating an overly friendly environment, whereas, the exaggerated body language reinforces entertainment and excitement. Through developing forms, purposes, audiences and social context Hi-5 and Play School contrast hugely. It is clear that the purpose of Play School is to educate whereas entertainment is the main purpose of Hi-5. Through aiming the intended emotions at their audience, both these programs achieve their intended purpose and social context.

Period Comparison Essay

The two paintings I chose to compare are The Virgin and Child by Rogier van der Weyden (1406, Netherlandish; gallery room 207) and The Crucifixion by Francisco de Zurbaran (1627, Spanish; gallery room 215). These two paintings focus on Jesus Christ, his humanity and his divinity. I chose them because they represent Jesus’ fragile humanity through his infancy and death. These paintings struck me as different from the other religious art I had seen because it stresses humanity without sacrificing divinity. Weyden illustrates the beauty of humanity with a poignant portrait of The Virgin Mary breastfeeding Jesus as an infant. The sheer tenderness of this most simple and necessary bonding between the mother and the child is captured in this painting. It is a feeling that only a mother can understand but it is capable of touching everybody because everybody plays at least one of these roles throughout their lifetime. The beauty and simplicity of human nature is also contrasted with the jewels that adorn Mary’s robe and the velvet drape behind her. It seems to me that it implies divinity though one could also interpret that as something else. Although this was a painting for private devotion and intended to capture a beautiful moment, one can also see the dark side of human nature in this painting. Exotic and expensive jewels surround Mary and Jesus. But why jewels? Why were jewels chosen to represent the divine? Jesus spoke against material riches saying that only those rich in spirit can enter the kingdom of Heaven. Jewels can also be interpreted as money and that is of course a necessary evil. If money is the root of all evil and human nature by definition is imperfect and tends to stray towards evil, then this painting takes on a whole new meaning to me. This means that nobody, even Jesus, can be perfect if he is limited to being a mortal human being. To me, the painting goes much deeper than what is actually presented. Whether he intended to or not, Weyden created a statement of God enjoying the beauty of his humanity but also dealing with the ugliness that comes along. The jewels represent humanity because even though they are beautiful and marvelous on the outside, beneath they cannot escape the evil that is. For the jewels it is  the greed and the bloodshed and everything else money represents that seems to stain it’s beauty. For man, it is the amazing and marvelous things we can create that are also stained with the atrocities that we are capable of. Obviously there is more to this painting than meets the eye but there is something interesting in the way the two are positioned. Mary, with her breast exposed preparing to feed her son means that Jesus is still in his infancy. Infants are very helpless and vulnerable, but Jesus appears to be sitting upright, albeit with support. The look in his eyes gives a feeling of intelligence and wisdom while at the same time they are still doe-eyed and innocent. However, the most interesting point is the position of the infant’s arms. He sits upright with his hands almost offering a blessing. A similar pose can be seen in Rembrandt’s Christ Healing the Sick. The other painting that captured my thoughts was one by Francisco de Zurbaran. Even though it was painted over a century later in a different part of Europe, the two paintings seem to intertwine to deliver a strong message. This painting, which is considered Zurbaran’s lost masterpiece, is a massive painting designed originally for a church, the church of Dominican of San Pablo el Real in Seville. It dwarfs Weyden’s tiny Virgin and Child. These seemingly opposite paintings oddly enough have so many similarities. They both portray Jesus in fragile states yet this differs from the first because it deals with Christ’s death. The picture is a somber one with depth that is so life like, it was often mistaken for sculpture when viewed from far away. It portrays Jesus hanging from the cross. He is in the classic position with nails driven through his palms. There are no other objects in the background; it is just Jesus, his cross and a mysterious source of light. According to the background history of the painting, the light suggests divinity. Both paintings have symbols for divinity but are radically contrasted at the same time. Christ is left on the cross, alone and tortured whereas the first is the comfort of infancy. The Crucifixion, in all its great size and beauty reflects what a huge, momentous event Jesus’ death really was. The Crucifixion does contrast the first painting because instead of intricate  poses and fine jewels, it is just simply death. The painting is so good because it is something so simple and raw that it is beyond words. No words can capture the sorrow and the pain of that very moment like Zubrbaran can with his brush. It stands profound and intimidating. It draws upon our experience and our knowledge of death. We are there, we are seeing the fault and the evil of humanity. â€Å"We have killed our creator,† Zurbaran seems to say. He seems to be screaming it in your ear while at the same time we are enveloped by a deafening silence. It is enough to put you in awe of what humanity is. It seems to put us in the same state of mind early man must have been in when looking upon the dark, infinite sky above. The light source is another interesting and debatable point. It seems to bring a source of comfort, if any could be found. It is a single light in a presumably infinite dark and it illuminates the empty corpse of God. If life is death and life is beautiful, it seems that the death of the Lord can be seen as a beautiful thing. God came to live amongst his creation, to teach and to spread the word. In his death however, he created something of much more impact than he ever accomplished in his own lifetime. That leads me in to another point. In his death, that single light source could be just the start, a spark or a flame that would spread like wildfire, spreading the love of God everywhere. It could be represented as not only the death of Christ, but the birth of Christianity. In conclusion, these two paintings seem to go hand in hand. They are completely opposite paintings that tie into each other and almost seem to tell a story. Of course it could be argued that these two paintings have nothing at all in common except for the subject. But it doesn’t really matter what part of the world they are from or what period in history they lived in. What matters is that they saw something, felt something so strong and so profound that they captured it to be acknowledged by all.

Education in Culture Essay

Education in today’s world is far more different from the education it was before. Nowadays, as technologies and industries progress onwards, the need for education becomes more vital. Education is about learning and also teaching skills. As a part of the society, education has played major roles not only on passing culture from one generation to another but also in helping establish a more stable society. Education also denotes on the process of drawing out certain skills or making someone realize the use of some skills that he has on its own. And as the world develops, the entirety of education also has changed. Now, it encompasses different disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, biology, history, sciences, sociology and many others. Education is believed to have started once a person is born and ends until he dies. Each and every person defines education differently from others. Education can be attained even without the presence of proper schooling. It is the experience and the applications of the things learned that counts on what one has attained. Different cultures in the world have a different point of view on the idea of education. Their definition and ideas about education is highly embarked on the way they spend their everyday lives, how they eat their food, how they please their gods or how they rear their young. Basically, perspectives about education and how learning is done in a particular place is based on their culture. The United States is one of the countries that belong to the Western culture. Its culture started even before it became a country. Now, as the world progresses and along with the different factors of culture combination and transfer, the United States is one of the diverse and multi cultural nations. Due to the strong British ties that have happened in the past, the United States’ culture is greatly influenced by the British culture. Other influences also include European countries who once take part in the history of the US such as Poland, Italy, Germany, Ireland and the Natives of America. Due to rampant migration and trade during the past, the western part of Africa has also played important roles in the structure of culture of the United States today. As one of the leading countries in the world today, the culture of the United States requires education as one of the needs of its each and every citizen. In its education system, children ranging from the ages five to six are necessitated to attend school. At the age of five most children starts schooling in kindergarten, then, they attend elementary from ages six to eleven, middle school from eleven to fourteen then high school from fourteen to eighteen. There are two forms of education in the States: public and private. Public education in the United States is funded by the federal government and by each of the individual states. These funds came mainly from the taxes in the city of the states and not as education fund given by the federal government. On the other hand, private education in the United States receives little or no government support at all. And since most of the private schools are governed by religious organizations, these private institutions are disqualified from direct government support. Students who have graduated from the secondary level may still pursue education in universities. There are different Universities in the States. Some are funded both by the local and federal government and some are governed by private institutions. Due to the status of the United States in the world today, it is one of the countries in the world with the most advanced and most extensive educational systems and procedures. Education as a primary requirement in the States is offered in all levels: from the children to the youth and even to the adults. Aside from learning as its main propose, education in the States seeks to promote wisdom, democracy, nationalism, equality and development not only of the state and the country but also the self. References: Greenberg, I. (2007). Vocational education, Work Culture and the Children of Immigrants in 1930’s Bridgeprort. Journal of Social History. Volume 41. No. 1. Reed. T. V. (2007). Popular Culture: Resources for Critical Analysis, Retrieved, November 23, 2005, from http://www. wsu. edu/~amerstu/pop/. USA Study Guide. (2007). American Culture: US Culture Info. Retrieved, November 23, 2007, from http://www. usastudyguide. com/americanculture. htm.

The Context Of Behaviour Issues Education Essay

To analyze the manner pupils are larning, I have chosen to research the Blooms Taxonomy theory completed in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom, an educational psychologist. This taxonomy classifies rational operations mobilized during acquisition, the easiest ( underside of the pyramid ) to the complex ( top of the pyramid ) . Here is below an illustration of that pyramid: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.learnnc.org/lp/media/misc/2008/blooms_old.png The 6 degrees of Bloom ‘s pyramid allow the instructor to better form the patterned advance of his class, but besides help to explicate specific larning aims. In 1991, Lorin Anderson a former pupil of Bloom, has significantly changed the degrees of the pyramid maestro with the coaction of David R. Krathwohl, co-author of the original taxonomy ( Anderson & A ; Krathwohl, 2001 ) .A speedy penetration of the theory†¦The involvement of the work of Bloom is that it offers a series of verbs that describe the rational behaviour of each degree of the pyramid. These verbs refer to discernible and let such instructors to compose to specific larning aims. Despite the forsaking of course of study based on specific aims, Bloom ‘s taxonomy is utile. On the one manus, Bloom recognized the complementarity of affectional and psychomotor spheres, although the descriptions he has made aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹today seem so superficial. But more significantly, his categorization of the cognitive sphere into six degrees of complexness is a simple manner to stand for the activities of idea for pupils. It combines really good the relationship between cognition ( memory, comprehension, application ) and accomplishments ( application, analysis, synthesis, rating ) . Higher degrees of Bloom ‘s categorization correspond exactly to the creativeness that instruction reform is to develop and redemption which is the best for the hereafter of pupils. In this respect, there are a figure of intriguing schemes and techniques to further creativeness. Bloom ‘s Taxonomy is for me an assistance to explicate inquiries that can find the degree of pupil apprehension. For illustration, a inquiry may be used to find a pupil is adept in factual cognition, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and rating. In my position, instructors are better able to cognize the failings and strengths of their pupils, which help advance larning patterned advance to higher degrees.Some critiquesaTop of Form Since its preparation in 1956, critics of Bloom ‘s taxonomy have by and large focused non on the being of six classs, but the world of a consecutive hierarchal relationship between them. Some consider the three lowest degrees ( cognition, comprehension, and application ) as hierarchically ordered, but the upper three degrees ( analysis, synthesis and rating ) as equal. Others suggest it is sometimes more appropriate to get down the application, before the debut of new constructs. How do I use Bloom ‘s Taxonomy? I would personally state that for the classs that I presently teach I consider chiefly four degrees of acquisition and command of cognition, which correspond approximately to the first four degrees of Bloom ‘s taxonomy: 1. Information degree ( Knowledge ) : cognition is comparative to the apprehensiveness of an overview of a topic: the worlds are shown in some facets in partial or entire. 2. Expression degree ( Comprehension ) : cognition is related to the acquisition of the agencies of look and communicating: define, use the footings component subject. These control cognition. 3. Mastering tools Level ( Application ) : cognition is related to the control of procedures and tools for survey or action: usage, manipulate regulations or sets of regulations ( algorithms ) rules, in order to a consequence to be achieved. It is to get the hang a accomplishment. 4. Master methodological cognition degree ( Analysis ) , which is comparative to the control a methodological analysis of installing and troubleshooting: assemble, organize points in a subject, place relationships, concluding from these relationships, and make up one's mind towards a end. It is an attack to command initiation, tax write-off, proving, certification. Each degree includes the old 1s and with the experience that I am presently constructing as a instructor, synthesis and rating are non truly expected from pupils chiefly because of their bing degree of cognition and the class degree. As good, there is no rigorous order to see in utilizing these different degrees as pupils can be asked to get down a subject at the mastering tools degree, merely to look into their old cognition and construct the lesson harmonizing to the findings. The good facet of Bloom ‘s Taxonomy is that there are sequences in the acquisition procedure that we can play with. So, in footings of learning schemes, depending on the topic, I can get down or present the subject at any degree of Bloom ‘s pyramid. If I teach basic accounting rules to finish novices, I would be given to get down with Bloom ‘s Comprehension degree ( expression degree for me ) , where I try to demo the scholars that they already know some facets of the theory: Lashkar-e-Taiba ‘s state that I intend to learn the double-entry clerking rule. The first measure will be to hold the pupils set in braces and make up one's mind themselves which type of dealing they want to finish. From at that place, they will hold to calculate out the journey of the money which will be different depending on the side where the dealing will hold to be recorded. By pulling a simple map on an activity sheet or the board, they will understand easy how the completed dealing must be recorded. Merely after that measure, will I present the theoretical accounting facet to put the regulation ( Bloo m ‘s Knowledge phase ) . Then the â€Å" usage and manipulate † phase ( Bloom ‘s Application phase ) where pupils will hold tools in manus to work out practical exercisings is introduced. In footings of resources and planning, I use what Rogers ( 2002 ) explained sing a theoretical account of patterned advance in larning associating to different results of acquisition: it implies motor accomplishments which require pattern, verbal information ( facts, rules and generalization ) ; for illustration in concern topics, lesson programs are built in a â€Å" learner-centred manner † : scholars are given the chance to recognize existent and bing concern entities and have to delve deep down in their bing cognition to demo what they already know about the concern environment and rules. They are provided bit by bit throughout the class with the necessary resources: ne'er all of them at one time. Then rational accomplishments come in when scholars have to utilize cognition to know apart, understand theories, constructs and regulations. Straight after that, cognitive schemes help scholars to â€Å" retrieve † , â€Å" think † and â€Å" manage † their freshly acquired accomplishments to specify and work out jobs, which are most of the clip in concern or direction classs instance surveies to be analysed ( Application and analysis phases in Bloom ‘s Taxonomy ) . Top of Form In footings of appraisal and from experiences carried out in category, I can state that each phase of Bloom ‘s pyramid gives chance for appraisal. I have the clear feeling that class bundles provided by most awarding organic structures, when looking at larning results and appraisal standards, are utilizing Bloom ‘s rules particularly when utilizing specific verbs ( describe, buttocks, discuss, explicate aˆÂ ¦ ) to bespeak what scholars need to â€Å" be able to † make in order to demo that they have achieved or understood the topic. Indeed, in the Double-entry clerking topic, I assess bing cognition foremost, and so I follow Bloom ‘s following degrees of larning to do certain pupils are get the hanging specific practical cognition like computations or hard currency flow prognosiss to give an illustration. To come back purely to Bloom ( 1956 ) , a larning nonsubjective describes a general accomplishment or set of accomplishments that the pupil must get at the terminal of a learning sequence. However, the general educational aims can non give rise to a strict rating unless they are made concrete. This requires that they be translated into operational aims. This is cardinal for the advancement and accomplishment of scholars. A end can be considered operational if the followers are specified: – Performance to be achieved ( result ) identifiable by discernible behaviour ( described by action verbs ) and quantifiable or apt to measure up, the scholar can make and he can be evaluated. – The conditions ( context ) in which the behaviour must happen ( limitations, mandates, what equipment to utilize, how long, etc. ) . – Performance standard ( pass grade ) on whether the end is reached ( Level of demand which acquisition is required to turn up and standards used in the rating of larning ) . Inspired by behaviourist, this manner of seeing things has provoked reactions, expostulations, unfavorable judgment sometimes really strong, particularly among advocates of constructivist epistemology towards Bloom ‘s Taxonomy. Nevertheless, the impression of end is cardinal in any methodological attack to the instruction and appraisal. The procedure of rating is hence to put ends ( mentioning to a taxonomy ) to operationalize and specify appropriate agencies ( instruments ) which will find whether aims are achieved by the pupils or non. It will so continue to an analysis of the consequences ( formative rating ) , which will take to a determination which shall be communicated to different stakeholders ( the clip of the communicating ) . However it is non ever didactically clear: how to put ends easy? What preparations to utilize? Should I needfully integrate action verbs? How to verify that the aims are efficaciously operational? From my point of position, the good intelligence is that there are two great and simple tools that, when combined, can assist me accomplish this: the association of Bloom ‘s taxonomy and the SMART method.Top of Form Once the demands and outlooks of a course of study are analysed, specifying the educational ends is a cardinal measure in developing a preparation program. This measure non merely allows me to tag my path ( strategy of work & A ; lesson programs ) , and besides to ease the appraisal. When explicating educational ends, I ask myself the undermentioned inquiry: â€Å" At the terminal of the training/module/course, I would wish my pupils to be able toaˆÂ ¦ ? † . And, depending on the type of accomplishment I want to develop in my pupils, I keep my preparation utilizing a verb of action. At this point, I choose to brainstorm without inquiring myself excessively many inquiries and I try to give free rein to my spontaneousness! The rule of this taxonomy is that scholars must make a specific degree and must be capable of executing the operations matching to ( x ) degree ( s ) . These degrees are therefore hierarchically ordered in cognitive procedures and to supply a model for puting ends for themselves. The accent is non on the course of study content but on how scholars can turn to and get the better of barriers to achievement ( Knowles, 1984 ) . This taxonomy besides allows the designation of the nature of the abilities sought by the aim of preparation and grade of complexness. Identifying the type of larning nonsubjective covered by a resource can see its practical integrating in a pedagogical sequence. An of import point is separating undertaking and end: the indispensable in the educational activity is ne'er the † merchandise â€Å" , the consequence straight discernible ( the papers prepared entirely or in groups, prep, classs and trial tonss ) , even if that is the lone manner to judge pupils ‘ abilities. The of import thing is the advancement made towards each larning result, if it is appropriate and can be reinvested, how it is put into drama and how it allowed scholars to turn. The relationship between the undertaking and the end differentiates developing state of affairs and location of production: in preparation, the end is first in production, it is the undertaking.

Consumer Behaviour Audit

CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AUDIT The Consumer Behavior Audit is divided into the following sections: MARKET SEGMENTATION A. External Influences B. Internal Influences C. Situational Influences D. Decision-Process Influences PRODUCT POSITION A. Internal Influences B. Decision-Process Influences PRICING A. External Influences B. Internal Influences C. Situational Influences D. Decision-Process Factors DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY A. External Influences B. Internal Influences C. Situational Influences D. Decision-Process Factors PROMOTIONAL STRATEGY A. External Factors B. Internal Factors C. Situational Influences D. Decision-Process Influences PRODUCT A. External Influences B. Internal Influences C. Situational Influences D. Decision-Process Influences CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND COMMITMENT MARKET SEGMENTATION As mentioned by Silvia Rico, the market segment consists of single women with children, ages 25-44, who live in the same geographical area in Brownsville and shop at Lopez Supermarket. A. External influences Are there cultures or subcultures whose value system is particularly consistent (or inconsistent) with the consumption of our product? The value system for the subculture (Mexican-Americans) is for the most part consistent with the consumption of Lopez Supermarket since they all share the traditions and beliefs, Hispanic race, Spanish language, and nationality background. Average family size for this segment is of 3. 5, and spends 15 to 20 percent more of disposable income on groceries than the national average. They view their family and friends as an important part of their life, and value their opinions when making decisions such as where to shop for groceries. Customers of Lopez are generally those living close to the store. In general they are low-income Mexican/Hispanics with limited resources, strong values, high ties to family and tradition and the majority practice the Catholic religion. Is our product appropriate for male or female consumption? Will ongoing gender-role changes affect who consumes our product or how it is consumed? Lopez Supermarket is appropriate for both male and female consumption. Even though, according to the Census Bureau, 17. 4% of households are made up of female householder, and 45. 8% without husband presence and with children, products sold at Lopez can be bought by either male or female. The ongoing gender-role (assuming that is from the same culture and subculture) would not change as to who buys at Lopez, but it could affect how it is consumed. Meaning, men, just as women, shop at Lopez, but men would not shop as much or buy the same products as women. Do ethnic, social, regional, or religious subcultures have different consumption patterns relevant to our product? Ethnic and social subculture, for the most part, might have a different consumption patterns. Some might like to go to Lopez to make use of their rebate coupons they offer. Some might shop on a daily basis, while others might shop once a week. It all depends on the amount of income and time they have to make their shopping. For the most part, Lopez is directed to a Mexican-American region culture. If Lopez were to locate somewhere where Mexican-American population is very low, Lopez’ current environment might not be as appreciated due a difference in values and believes other segments might have. Do various demographic or social-strata groups (age, gender, urban/suburban/rural, occupation, income, education) differ in their consumption of our product? Mexican-American is one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the U. S. (in Brownsville, they totaled 103. 297). Geography is an advantage for Lopez, since stores are located on the border of U. S. and Mexico. Demographic and social-strata groups (age, gender, urban/suburban/rural, occupation, income, education) might have different motive for shopping at Lopez Supermarket. For example, in an age group, kids might go to buy candy or they could be sent by their mothers to buy immediate products (tortillas, milk, soda) that they might need at home. Meanwhile adults might go to buy groceries in high amounts and items such as beer and cigarettes. Other segments might not buy their groceries at Lopez, but they might go for the â€Å"fresh meat† or â€Å"barbacoa† they sell. Geographically, if Lopez is not close by, consumer might look for alternatives and buy groceries either at a gas station or at another grocery store. Is our product particularly appropriate for consumers with relatively high (or low) incomes compared to others in their occupational group (ROCI)? Based on Silvia Rico’s report, class structure for this segment is Lower-Middle who strives to become part of the Upper Class. This segment view food as an abundance of wealth, so they usually give food gifts. They have many status symbols, such as jewelry, new car, home decor, etc. In their leisure time the go to the beach, and spend time with family. High income might prefer an alternative. Can our product be particularly appropriate for specific roles, such as students or professional women? In general, anyone can shop at Lopez, but it is most appropriate for district level, low-middle income consumers whose role are of a household provider. If customers are playing the role of a professional businessperson, for example, they definitely will not find items they might need (suitcases, high quality pens, etc. , since Lopez is meant for groceries. A student, might find pen, paper, pencil, and notebooks, but in very small amounts, and a higher price than specialized stores. Would it be useful to focus on specific adopter categories? Not necessarily. Focusing on specific adopter categories (The ranking into which adopters of a new product fall according to their willingness and speed to embr ace a new product; adopter categories are normally listed as innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards) will not help much, since Lopez sells products people are already familiar with. An alternative would be to subgroup the current marketing segment even further (such those women who work and those who don’t) in order to target them better, since this subgroups share similar purchasing behaviors. This group of single young women with children can be subdivided based on the people that live with them (alone with own children, and with extended family), their number of working hours (part-time, and full-time), and based on their children’s age (under 6 yrs. , and from 6 to 17 yrs. ). Targeting per segment Women living alone with their own children: This sub-segment is influenced greatly by their children, they may go to shop at Lopez because their children had great experiences from the store. Children are a strong influence that guides these women to shop there, but also they also have influence in the products they buy. This segment may spend great part of their income in shopping products their children like, depending on their age. Small children may influence them to buy candies, and products that contain attractive animations. Older children may influence their overall product selection based on their tastes and preferences. These children may also influence their mothers to buy high quality, and name branded products. Women living with extended family: These women are more likely to be influenced by their relatives living with them, specially the older ones that are thought to be the wisest ones. This segment tries to comply with society, and with their own family. They want to be approved by others, and make their purchases according to the way others expected them to act. They choose Lopez as their store for their food supplies, because it is the family tradition store. They are high self-monitoring, since these women tend to evaluate products consumed in public in terms of the impressions they make on others. They may also cash their checks, and pay some bills at Lopez, because that is the family tradition way to do this activity. Another reason for them to cash their checks is because they are low-Income and usually they do not have a bank account, because they tend to save the money that is left (if any) in their houses. They learned these activities from their parents or relatives living with them. Women living with extended family and not working: This segment relies on the extended family (or federal aid such as food stamps) for financial support. They might be the ones purchasing immediate items for their children (such as cereal, milk, cookies) but leave the large purchase decisions to a secondary person. This segment has more time to shop and look around, and does not go to Lopez alone. They usually go at least twice a week (if not more) with their kids, and the extended family member with the purchase decision in the household. They rely on their family and friends for their immediate purchase decision, and try to save as money as much as possible since they don’t have sufficient income. Women working full-time: This sub-segment is very busy, they value their time, and buy at Lopez because of the store location, the relative small store size (comparing it with HEB, and El Globo), and because they are very familiar with the store, and they cash their checks at Lopez when they go shopping in order to save time. These women know where are products located within the store, they know products prices, people working there, and people shopping there. Women within this segment, go to Lopez once a week, or once every two weeks, depending on the way they get paid. They will usually go to the store on weekends, especially on Friday because is when they may cash their wage checks. On weekends they can buy groceries for all the week, since buying food supplies is a priority for them, and whatever money is left, they will spend it in clothes or save it. This segment usually goes to shop alone, and make their purchases according their own opinion, and neither relatives nor children influence their consumer behavior. These women are very important for Lopez because these women buy high-volume when they go to Lopez. They buy huge quantities because they do not have time to go other day in the week. Their purchases may not be well planned, they may buy their necessary products, and other products with discounts. Products strategic point-of-display is very important to influence this segment to buy. Women working part-time: This women have more time to analyze and plan their shopping, they may look more detailed the products they will buy. They may go to Lopez at an average rate of three times per week. Since they earn less money than full-timers, they will buy products at discount, and are well informed of the products that are going to be on sale any specific day. These women are very familiar with the store, and usually they have great relationships with store employees, and seek for their advice when making their purchases. This segment go to shop with their children, or other relatives, so their purchases are influenced by the people that go with them. They shop at Lopez because it is the store for groceries they know best, and because their relatives advice them to. They are more likely to be influenced by advertising (specially coupons), than full-timers, since they have more time to read adds, look for coupons, cut and use them. Women with children under 6 years old: This group of women with children under 6 years old, represents 8. 6% of the female householder with no husband present, according to the U. S. Census Bureau (Census 2000) of Cameron County. This segment in heavily influenced by their children preferences. They will look for products that will be accepted and that will cause a positive attitude in their children. Children are a strong influence that guides their consumer behavior; thus influencing the type of products they buy. This segment may spend great part of their income in children-related products, such as candies, chocolates, cereals with cartoon animations, products that include small toys and others that are attractive to children. Mothers will usually go to Lopez accompanied by their children, because children make pressure to go with them. Children under 6 years old like to be with their mothers, and enjoy going to shop with them. These children influence mothers to buy seasonal products, especially adornments to their houses, and also food that include seasonal animation in its package. This segment may end up buying unexpected items, and spending more money than planned because of their children influence. Women with children from 6 to 17 years old: These children have strong influence in product brand selection. This group represents 35. 3% of the female householder with no husband present, according to the U. S. Census Bureau (Census 2000) of Cameron County. They may influence their mothers to buy the brands that are most common, and are preferred by their friends. These children may not go to shop with their mothers, since they are at an age where they like to be seen as independent individuals. They do not participate actively in the purchase itself; they just influence their mothers to buy what they said. Mothers seek the approval of their children, so their purchases may be strongly influenced by their children. This segment wants to create a positive attitude towards the products they buy. These women are willing to buy more expensive items to satisfy their children’s preferences. They are willing to buy more products at a higher price, and sacrifice other goods, as possible to comply with children’s desires. For this segment, their children are seen as young adults with valuable opinion about products. Since many of this children go to school, and are the most knowledgeable and educated in the family, their judgment about certain products are taken as valid, and may cause changes in the products bought. Do groups in different stages of the household life cycle have different consumption patterns for our product? Who in the household is involved in the purchase process? In this case, single women might just buy the basic items (milk, cereal, eggs). If they live with their parents, their parents might be the ones doing the groceries. Younger kids might also play a role, meaning they might be the ones asking what type of products to buy at Lopez (specific brand of cereal or soft drink). B. Internal influences Can our product satisfy different needs or motives in different people? What needs are involved? What characterizes individuals with differing motives? Yes. Customers might go to buy groceries, and at the same time take advantage of paying their bills, cashing a check, or sending mail. Those who go on a daily basis might also want to know what kinds of savings they might find. Kids might want to go to buy candy. Others might need to buy food for a birthday party, or to get ready for Friday’s barbeque. Is our product uniquely suited for particular personality types? Self-concepts? Lopez is focused more for the lower-middle income people. This means that people who have relatives and shop at Lopez might do so as well just to not feel left out, as mentioned by Silvia. High-income people might not shop there simply because they might want to be compared or identified with the low-middle income people (of course there are exceptions but this goes for the majority of the high-income class. ) For the most part, Lopez is directed toward a Mexican-American environment and to the other segments that accept this. What emotions, if any, are affected by the purchase and/or consumption of this product? Realizing that they are known and treated on a friendly matter influence them to go to Lopez. Also having family, neighbors, or friends who might work or go there, might affect this as well. Is our product appropriate for one or more distinct lifestyles? For the most part, is for those who prefer to go to Lopez for convenience and to save money. Young single Mexican-American mothers might go there because their concern is their family and their heritage traditions. Other with a different lifestyle (those who might like to spend a lot of money, for example) might not consider Lopez as an option. As Silvia Rico mentioned, self-monitoring is also affected here because their choices are influenced by their estimates of how Lopez is perceived by their family and friends. If a person was told that shopping at Lopez is only for the poor, then that person might be embarrassed to go or be seen there. A birth of a child or departure of an older one, may affect the lifestyle of the consumer and they way they buy. For the birth of a child, they might need to buy baby products, while for the departure of a child, they might consume less. Do different groups have different attitudes about an ideal version of our product? Yes. Some might prefer a â€Å"nice looking and cleaner† store. Others might compare Lopez to H. E. B. and might perceive Lopez as a small, local store compared to H. E. B. Others might not want to shop at Lopez because of the smell (meat) it emits. There are also those who believe that Lopez is fine the way it is. C. Situational influences Can our product be appropriate for specific types of situations instead of (or in addition to) specific types of people? Yes. In case of an emergency (a hurricane, for example), people might go to Lopez to buy items such as candles, flashlights, can food, batteries, or anything else they might need. A family birthday party or special celebration might require buying the meat and even decorations such as balloons. Barbeque on Friday, as Silvia pointed out, is another example. D. Decision-process influences Do different individuals use different evaluative criteria in selecting the product? Yes. Family could influence some individuals (worrying about what their family might think of them if they were to shop at another store). Others might select distance or convenience as a way to measure going to Lopez (how far it takes to go to Lopez compared to going to a gas station). Do potential customers differ in their loyalty to existing products/brands? Some of the products sold at Lopez might not be sold at other stores and vice-versa. (Hill Country products are only sold at H. E. B. ). Some products are well known to them since they are the products their parents and grandparents used. Others might not be as loyal to the brands as they are to the store itself.

Dharavi Slum

Mumbai has thrived economically in the recent years and now has one of the highest property prices in the world. Despite this the majority of the population live in squatter settlements such as Dharavi. In one square mile of Dharavi there are one million people and many more people arrive to live in the same cramp conditions. The ‘homes’ found in Dharavi are made up of basic materials available to the builder. Buildings on the outskirts appear to be much less permanent than those found the centre. This is because they have been around for many years.The public toilets, most of which are blocked because of poor drainage systems, have to be shared between estimates of 300-500 people each. The biggest problem affecting the drainage systems is during the monsoon seasons, mainly because of flooding. Low access to toilet facilities forces the people to use the local river for urination and defecation. Water is rationed to the whole settlement through 162 taps for 2 hours a day . The poor conditions spread many diseases such as diphtheria, cholera and typhoid. This is not helped by the fact each shack holds 6.2 people. Despite the lack in sanitation, 85% of households own a television set, 75% own a pressure cooker, 56% a gas stove and 21% have a telephone. Also the people themselves are generally happy with their circumstance. The area has a large social atmosphere and many choose to work together and help each other. The area itself is a hub for recycling and production business. 85% of residents have a job in the local area. It is said the settlement generates an annual turnover of $650 million. Plans/Attempts to improve socio-economic conditions.Investment and redevelopment into Dharavi slum is an attractive prospect to the Mayor of Mumbai Sunil Prabhu. The area is also in a prime location for the developers themselves as it is situated just outside Mumbai’s financial district and rich real estate hot spots such as the Bandra-Kurla Complex. For the outside world redevelopment has many positives. Clearing the slum will improve health conditions, living space and make the land the squatters live on legal for the first time. Mumbai will also benefit from removing the unattractive settlement from the city.The $2 billion project to slowly remove the slum has already started. Investors can also already bid for one of the 13 sub sections in the 5 sectors of the slum. The project has a great prospect to improve the already large economy of Mumbai and huge amounts of money will be made in the selling of real estate in the Dharavi slum area. The plan is to also rehabilitate all slum dwellers into flats built in the Dharavi area. These flats will have more space and more basic provisions for the residents. Not only will flats be built but also proper hospitals and schools. The project portfolio has outlined the following benefits:

Bias in Abstinence-Only Education Essay

In addition to being an ineffective deterrent to unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, abstinence only education prevents young women from making well informed decisions about their sexuality.   Cases of teen pregnancy and STD/HIV infections is on the rise despite the government allocating funds for abstinence only programs.   This paper seeks to look at the government policies with regard to abstinence-only education programs and its relationship with unwanted pregnancies. It is a known fact that sexual abstinence is being practiced in all countries in the world as a sure way of preventing sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy.   Men and women of all ages who are not ready to accept the risks that accompany sexual activity embrace abstinence which is a normal and acceptable practice.   As a way of expressing love, affection and tenderness, majority resort to intercourse and sexual activity. Sex is also being used by couples to strengthen their relationships.   However, it has often been argued that using sex to cement relationships can distort one’s judgment.   Among women, having sex may strengthen the feeling of love but do not actually cement or deepen the relationship. Exploring sexual behavior within an environment of deep commitment where having children is considered as a possibility is always rewarding.   Majority of people are however not prepared for commitment hence opt for abstinence until they develop a stable relationship. Abstinence is 100% effective in protecting an individual from sexually transmitted.   However, if the majority of the population could realize its effectiveness, then we would not be having such headlines like the ones we have seen in the past of teen births being on the rise.   However, abstinence is not an easy practice considering how strong sexual drives are among humans. The rate of teen births steadily declined since 1991 and this could have been because of the intensive educational campaigns that were initiated during that period.   These campaigns included encouraging people to use contraceptives and condoms and enlightening people on the risks of Aids and sexually transmitted diseases.   However, today statistics now show an increase by 3% in teen births the first time ever in 14 years. (Wilson, Kelly, Patricia,2005) Is it that the sex education programs that the government adopted are no longer working? The government has tried to show some effort in curbing STDs and unwanted pregnancies. The first federal abstinence-only program was enacted in 1981 and this was designed primarily to support pregnant and parenting teenagers.   This came through the adolescent Family Life Act which was also passed the same year. AFLA also funded â€Å"abstinence-only† programs meant to encourage responsibility and self discipline among teenagers (Abstinence Only Programs 2008, p.2). Abstinence-only program’s purpose was to teach the general population and especially the teenagers how they stand to gain from abstinence. It also sought to teach abstinence from pre-marital to all schooling children.   The abstinence-only program was supposed to teach the values of abstinence with regard to unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases.   According to this program, the expected standard of human sexual activity revolved around a mutually faithful monogamous relationship.   However, with all these well clarified goals, current scientific research shows that this program is ineffective. A study of ‘abstinence-only-until marriages’ program inferred that the classes fail to serve its goal of delaying the onset of sexual activity the young people.   An evaluation of 11 of these programs showed that they do not have a lasting positive effect on the asexual behavior of young people (Ibid 4).   Instead of a positive effect on the young people they showed a negative willingness to use contraceptive because the program emphasized on contraceptive failure. It has often been reiterated that abstinence-only programs endanger the youths because adolescents are denied complete information.   These programs fail to provide contraception information and in some cases, they have been accused of providing wrong information which may lead to youths forgoing contraceptive use. Teens are exposed to pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases because of lack of responsible sex education.   Only safer sex intervention can reduce unprotected sexual intercourse as compared to abstinence only programs.   The Federal Fund for abstinence -only programs have negatively influenced schools.   Avery good example involves the Gloucester High school in Massachusetts with the summer vacations beginning 17 girls at the school are expecting babies (Kathleen Kingsbury, Wednesday June 18, 2008). This proves further the failure of the program to curb pre-marital pregnancies.   In order to reduce the prevalence of this at the school a local pediatrician advocated for the prescription of contraceptives.   However, this has been met with hostility.   Amazingly it is the desire of these teens to get pregnant and this only proves how distorted their perception towards life is.

Tomoco Company and Its Marketing Manager Clive Smith Research Paper

Tomoco Company and Its Marketing Manager Clive Smith - Research Paper Example Tomoko Company should not accept the proposal made by Sandeep because it can lead to troubles and financial loss instead of expected profits. Litigation and negative publicity will cause Tomoco billions of dollars even before the product is launched. This case shows that people constantly struggle with the tension between rights and responsibilities, and conscientious people seek to balance the tensions in meaningful and fairways. Also, it is possible to assume that it would be difficult for Tomoko to keep everything in secret and avoid the publicity of this deal. Beyond a person's group is the broad political, social, and cultural landscape of society. Social values are another powerful source of guidelines for ethical decision making (Lipe, 54). These cultural values and traditions are not always positive. Although values are sometimes nebulous, they can be articulated with a considerable degree of accuracy and meaning. This case raises a question: what is the obligation to the org anization? In a commercial context, an employee agrees to give talent, effort, time, cooperation and harmony in relations with colleagues, and loyalty to the organization and its enterprise. According to legal standards, loyalty often involves confidentiality, and for an employee to spread key inside information to an outside audience is a direct violation of the contractual understanding. Organizations have trade secrets that must be kept from competitors, and any revelation of these secrets is a gross violation of contractual expectations.

The modern project management approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

The modern project management approach - Essay Example Formal project management techniques were developed in USA in the 1960's as part of the early missile programmes. These techniques have since been used in almost every area of society, from government agencies to non-profit organisations, and from engineering companies to service industries (Wikipedia). The early project management phase began in the 1950s in the United States where, from an ad-hoc-basis use of 'Gantt Charts' and informal techniques and tools, it graduated to the use of two mathematical 'project management models' known as: (1) the "Program Evaluation and Review Technique" or PERT, developed as part of the United States Navy's Polaris missile submarine programme; and (2) the "Critical Path Method" (CPM) developed in a joint venture by both DuPont Corporation and Remington Rand Corporation for managing plant maintenance projects. These mathematical techniques quickly spread into many private enterprises. In 1969, the Project Management Institute (PMI) was established to help the project management industry to perform better. The PMI has been of the view that the tools and techniques of project management are common for all applications in projects from the software industry to the traditional construction industry. In 1981, the PMI brought out The Guide to the Proje ct Management Body of Knowledge, containing the standards and guidelines of practice that are widely used throughout the profession (Wikipedia). Generally, project management is distinguished from the general management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a project. A project organisation will generally be terminated when the mission is accomplished. According to the Project Management Institute, the discipline of project management can be defined as follows: 'Project management is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by

Avalon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Avalon - Essay Example Census Bureau 2000). The city's population is only about 3,500 according to the US population census in 2000. About 719 families live in the city composed of about 1,158 households at an average density of 252.7/km (654.2/mi) and 1,839 housing units. Population density is estimated at 429.7/km (1,112.4/mi). The racial composition of the city includes 71.63% White, 0.74% Black 1.02% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.22% Pacific Islander, 20.37% from other races, and 5.40% from two or more races. 45.95% of the population are of Hispanic or Latino background. Out of 1,158 households, 38.3% had children below the age of 18 residing with them; 44.0% of these are married couples; 11.2% had a single female householder, and 37.9% are considered non-families. Of these households, 31.3% are individuals living independently and 10.3% are 65 years of age or older living alone. The estimated average household size is about 2.65 and the average family size is about 3.38 (U.S. Census Bureau 2000). Avalon City's population is quite diffused with 30.3% of the population below 18 years of age. 7.7% are from the age of 18 to 24. The population is also comprised of 30.2% of individuals ages 25 to 44, 21.7% of these are aged 45 to 64, and only about 10.1% are 65 years of age or older. 34 years old is the median age. ... The city's per capita income is recorded at about $21,032. 9.2% of families and 10.4% of the population live below the poverty line, which includes 11.5% of the residents under the age of 18. About 4.6% of individuals age of 65 or above live under the poverty level (U.S. Census Bureau 2000). There are various factors that will clearly affect both the expenses and revenues of the city of Avalon. First, it is apparent that about 4.5 percent to 10 percent of the ageing population is dependent on the city's health care systems. Second, employed residents constitute about 74.5. This percentage is high as compared to the national employment of about 63 percent. However, the city needs to consider the population living below the poverty level, which comprise mostly of the younger individuals. The city government then, needs prudence on planning which type of program to implement as the pattern of population is quite diffused and spread out. The target of poverty alleviation measures would be the young mostly, comprising of about 11.5 percent. Families who live below poverty level are estimated at 9.2 and individuals below poverty level, 10.4. The unemployment rate in Avalon is quite high at about 5.20 percent as compared to the US average of 4.60%. About 50 percent of the unemp loyed are of African descent and 8 percent are Hispanics. Although Avalon jobs have augmented by 3.35 percent, per capita is lower compared to the national figures. As of the last census, Avalon per capita stands at $21,032 dollars as compared with $21,587 national per capita. Hence, the Avalon government must increase its efforts to curb unemployment and increase income of the population. Job generation

China is one of the Main Countries that Export Their Goods to the Essay

China is one of the Main Countries that Export Their Goods to the United States - Essay Example Putting tariffs on the goods from China to the United States has been one of the most controversial debates. There has been a section of the society that have insisted on the importance of, and urgency with which goods from China should be subjected to tariffs. However, another section has warned of possible repercussions should this policy be implemented. This paper seeks to defend the decision to put tariff on tires from China. China remains the main threat to the economy of the United States. This is because it is taking up the markets that were previously a preserve for the United States. It has come up with cheap products in the world market because they have reduced cost of production due to cheap labor in their home country. This has seen them acquire various markets in the world, including the market in the United States. As Sandwick (56) says, although it is good to encourage competition within the economy in order to facilitate fair trade, some competitions are obviously un fair. This scholar points out to the fact that in the process of facilitating fair trade, care should be taken to ensure that none of the players have an unfair advantage over others. The tires from China have been made using very cheap labor back in the parent country. When they are brought to the United States, they come with prices that reflect the cost of labor. There are other firms within the United States producing the same products locally with the cost of labor being much higher than that in China. This local US firm will also bring their products to the American market taking into account the cost of production. When the two competitors meet in the same market, the Chinese firms will have an unfair advantage over other firms. Their prices will definitely be more attractive than those of the local firms. This will result in a situation where these foreign firms will cannibalize the local firms. They would take the largest share of the local market, and due to frustration, t he local firms would be forced out of the market, or be absorbed by the foreign firm. It can be very unfortunate when a foreign firm drives out the local firms from the market. The situation is worsened by the fact that these local firms cannot export to China because back in China, the prices would even be lower and these American firms would need to incur transport and other costs. Other markets around the world have also been taken by these Chinese firms with very cheap products. This would completely eliminate the local firms from the market, a fact that can lead to serious pressure on the economy. Some individuals have argued that China is one of the main countries where the United States exports their products. These pundits argue that by imposing tariffs on the Chinese goods, the Chinese government may respond by imposing the same on the American products coming to their country, a fact that would reduce profits of the American exporters. Although this argument is very valid, a mathematical calculation would still point out that the US stands to lose if the tariffs are not imposed. This is because Chinese export to the US is fast outgrowing its imports from the US. This is even worsened by the fact that the Chinese exports are so cheap, thereby posing serious threats to the US firms. It is a fact that by imposing a tax, the US exporters may feel the pinch. However, it would protect the local firms; hence protecting the local economy from a possible wipeout by the Chinese firms. Rollin argues that

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Report - Essay Example Therefore, Daphnia and humans experience similar effects when exposed to specific toxic or chemical components (Grant, 2000). Daphnia magna is generally used by scientists because the species is fairly easy to care for and provides accurate investigation results for water quality and toxicity. Thus the assessment of the effect of different chemicals on Daphnia magna will give indications on the impacts of these chemicals on human body. The objective of this report is to determine and distinguish the effect of toxicity on the heartbeat by testing the effect on Daphnia magna. Hypothesis The interaction of foreign chemical components with the physiology of Daphnia magna affects its heart beats Non hypothesis The interaction of foreign chemical components with the physiology of Daphnia magna does not affect its heart beats Method:- As described in the practical handbook as well as time course events. Results Heartbeats of Daphnia magna after adding 3 chemicals and their combinations were recorded at different time intervals. The results have been tabulated in the table below Heartbeats min-1 Control A B C A+B B+C A+C Time 2 minutes 94 125 75 93 248 211 131 4 minutes 96 135 68 98 369 22 128 6 minutes 95 134 75 95 354 213 134 8 minutes 90 129 68 94 328 198 129 10 minutes 86 136 68 87 311 168 138 12 minutes 92 126 91 85 321 179 121 14 minutes 94 129 73 92 341 189 128 16 minutes 96 130 72 94 - 196 124 18 minutes 95 142 74 95 - 201 131 20 minutes 98 136 75 97 - 204 134 The following graph compares the changes in heart rates on addition of 3 chemicals and its combinations. Graph 1: Changes In Heart Rates On Addition of 3 Chemicals And Its Combinations. Additivity Graph 2: Comparison of the effect of A, B and the combination of A & B Graph 3: Comparison of the effect of C, B and the combination of C & B The graphs above compare the effect of chemicals in relation with the effect of their combination. Antagonism Graph 3: Comparison of the effect of C, B and the combination of C & B Discussion:- Graph 1: Heart rate count per 15 seconds Graph 1 indicates the effect on the heartbeat rate of Daphnia when exposed to chemical A, B and C and different combinations of A B and C. The graph results show that all the chemicals and their combinations. In comparison with the control, the combination of A and B had relatively higher impact on the heart rates. Chemical B individually reduced the heart rates of Daphnia. The combination of A and B and also the combination of B and C exhibited additivity. In both the combinations, the interaction of these chemicals was equivalent to the added impact of both the chemicals. In the case of the combination of A and C, A interacted with C to reduce the effect of C. This is a case of antagonism. This combination is of clinical relevance as one chemical reduces the impact of the other. Conclusion From the observations, it is evident that all the chemicals and its combinations cause interactions with heart functioning and aff ects heart rates at varied levels. All the combinations including the individual addition of chemical affected the heart rate of Daphnia. However, some of the effects were very less compared to others. Antagonic interaction was observed between the chemicals A and C. Additivity was observed between the chemicals A and B and also between B and C. Thus the hypothesis of the report is supported by the findings of the study.

GOLD NANO PARTICLES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

GOLD NANO PARTICLES - Essay Example variations that are used in comprehension of plasomons which depends on the wavelength, otherwise known as conduction-band electrons during oscillation. This phenomenon translates into absorption and scattering ability of light, which is an important feature to biological applications like sensing and imaging. The ability of bio molecules to interact both inside and at the surface of a cell can result into varied interactions according to the size of nanoparticle. Currently, for medical sector purposes, it is possible to modify and fabricate nanoparticles and AUNPS is best for clarifying the distinct properties of the â€Å"red surface Plasmon resonances band at 520† with catalytic activity which is high and easily fabricated with the use of thiol interconnected to SS-DNA which enables them to be components that are stable for bio-sensing purposes. When nanoparticles and biological elements of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids are combined, they can reveal specific functions in bioprobes and biosensors. It is therefore, important to note that, nanoscale particles possess clear and exceptional potential of detecting and accurately diagnosing cancer (Chan 2007). To increase the level of sensitivity like in surface enhanced Rayleigh scattering, surface enhanced fluorescence, and surface enhanced Raman scattering, the use of surface Plasmon have been significant. Though, SERS is an attractive and has very unique technique that can be vital in measuring rotational, vibration and molecules of low transition frequency based on Raman scattering (Chan

Physics lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physics lab - Essay Example In fact, we create cars and vehicles with built-in breaks for us to be able to control their acceleration or speed and direction from time to time. We wear our seatbelts because of the danger associated with riding in a car vehicle in a speed. We also create objects with a design of making it easy for us to employ unbalanced force to transfer them from a place to another for instance and in order to break the law stating that they have the tendency to remain at rest once they do. The unbalanced force we might exert could be measured. A very important idea is the creation of meter for acceleration or speed in vehicles. Measuring the speed of an object in motion is important because in the case of automobiles this could at least ensure our safety on the road at a greater odds. On the other hand, â€Å"when a force is applied to an object, the change of motion in the object is proportional to the force applied to the object† (Grimshaw, 2007, p.74). This is Newton’s powerful second law of motion. In a simple understanding, we can easily state this law in a manner that we are conscious of the fact that heavier objects require more force to move them. At this point, it is very important to calculate the specific amount of force usually is needed to be employed in order to move an object to a certain direction or distance. Based on this concept, Newton therefore was able to calculate force as the product of the object’s mass and acceleration. This exactly applies and validates the stated given idea linked up with his second law of motion. Another learning from Newton’s concepts and ideas include the relationship existing between static friction and gravity. From the class discussion, I learned that provided an object is set undisturbed on a surface for instance, the only force that acts on it is a gravity. Static friction is therefore developed in this case because the object

Ecotourism industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ecotourism industry - Essay Example Venice, Florida, is the place of implementing the action (Alexander 2013). Generally, nature walk opens up the area for positive interactions and dealings with the neighbourhoods. Inhabitants will particularly find prime chance to watch amazing beaches, fruit farms, waterfalls, rivers, and the vegetation cover. Nature Walk will further embrace tourists emanating from different parts of Florida and beyond its borders. Besides, the activity would help visitors discover and learn the cultural values and practices of the locals from different outlooks (Alexander 2013). Significance of Nature Walk to ecotourism and humanity is the critical aspect the project seeks to accentuate. According to the proposal, hospitality and tourism units of Venice city will play pivotal role in arranging and managing series of nature walks for different categories of people. First, the unit will accord residents and their families the opportunity to watch and feel the splendour of nature of Venice together w ith its neighbourhoods (Alexander 2013). All the revenues collected from the tourists and inhabitants shall assist in maintenance and repair of various ecotourism facilities as well as construction of advanced hanging bridges, pathways, eatery and boats. The array of activities that characterize nature walk will provide significant back up to environmental conservation and management policy (Alexander 2013). 2.0 Overview of Environmental Impacts Nature Walk and related activities have momentous impact on the environment and nature conservation approach. The negative impacts of nature walk include the following: i. Might result to destruction of wildlife habitation Such activity might contribute to widespread destruction of animals’ habitats. It is imperative to clear a part of the vegetation to pave way for establishment of pathways for tourists and residents. Since the activity contributes to destruction of certain habitats belonging to certain animals, birds, microorganisms in the soil among others, it is important that size and frequency of the pathways be regulated. Adults and even children taking part in the nature walk might accidentally cause fires in forests. Sometimes, they spill chemical substance in water hence putting at risk the lives of certain animals and aquatic life (Davis & Davis 2011). ii. Killing of wild animals Individuals who take participate in this activity might resort to killing or inflicting serious injuries on wild animals they come across for fear of their own security. Although the measure seeks to give assurance to participants of their safety and security, it is a threat to wildlife just like unauthorized hunting and poaching (Davis & Davis 2011). Rampant killing of certain rare species of animals might render such species becoming extinct. iii. A hindrance to wildlife movements Nature Walk will compromise unrestricted movements within the ecosystem. In the process, some animal species will migrate from the forest or wate r body as they scamper for safety. Killing of wild animals will further scare away such animals, which would then mean they are confined to their habitats for much longer period (Davis & Davis 2011). The higher the population of participants during the nature walk the more the animals get restricted to their habitats. iv. May lead to pollution of air, water and soil Careless fires, decomposing food items and chemical substances are a threat to the surrounding. 3.0 Environmental Benefits of Project Apart from the negative effects, nature walk result to a number of benefits to the environment. These include: Nature walk as an ecotourism activity will the locals realize the significance of conserving nature. The

Young Offenders, Crime, and Globalization Essay

Young Offenders, Crime, and Globalization - Essay Example Juvenile delinquency is often an issue of concern among parents, educators, and society in general. A review by Cohn outlines statistics in regards to juvenile delinquency. In the year 2000, juveniles accounted for 17 percent of all arrests and 16 percent of all violent crime arrests in the United States that year. A considerable growth in the number of juvenile violent crime arrests began in the late 1980s and reached its peak in 1994. However, 2000 marked the sixth consecutive year that the rate juvenile arrests for the Violent Crime Index Declined. The timeframe between 1994 and 2000 marked a 41 percent decrease in the juvenile arrest rate, which was the lowest since 1985. The juvenile murder rate also decreased dramatically between 1993 and 2000. The juvenile murder rate in 2000 was at its lowest since the 1960s. In the year 2000, juveniles were involved in 9 percent of murder arrests, 14 percent of aggravated assault arrests, 33 percent of arrests for burglary, 25 percent of rob bery arrests, and 24 percent of arrests for weapons charges. Girls were involved in one-third of all arrests of young people ages 13-15. The racial composition of the juvenile population, in general, was 79 percent white (including Hispanics), 16 percent black, 4 percent Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1 Percent American Indian. Of all juvenile arrests for violent crimes, 55 percent involved white youths and 42 percent blacks. These numbers are extremely disproportionate the racial groups’ representation in the general population. ... In the year 2000, juveniles were involved in 9 percent of murder arrests, 14 percent of aggravated assault arrests, 33 percent of arrests for burglary, 25 percent of robbery arrests, and 24 percent of arrests for weapons charges. Girls were involved in one-third of all arrests of young people ages 13-15. The racial composition of the juvenile population in general was 79 percent white (including Hispanics), 16 percent black, 4 percent Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1 Percent American Indian. Of all juvenile arrests for violent crimes, 55 percent involved white youths and 42 percent blacks. These numbers are extremely disproportionate the racial groups' representation in the general population. Even though the facts point to a decrease in acts of juvenile delinquency, it still remains a cause for concern, and its causes and prevention must be addressed. Another item to consider is that fact that casual factors in juvenile delinquency seem to be consistent throughout the world as far as what the theories are behind the crimes. Therefore, globalization has helped to bring this concept to light. What are the causal factors involved in juvenile delinquency There has been continuous debate and extensive research concerning this question. Some purport that juvenile delinquency is biologically determined, and that anything short of pharmacological intervention has any beneficial effect. Others claim that environment plays the key role in determining whether a young person is likely to commit delinquent acts, and that changes in the environment result in changes in regards to delinquent behavior. Yet another perspective claims that delinquent behavior stems from psychopathological problems that are present due to various factors, and that a combination

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Research Paper Example The study comprises an evaluation of the existing literature to understand the current status of the use of technology and the benefits that derive to learners and teachers. Besides, it also attempts to delineate the improvement that emerging technology can bring to this field. The study, further, encompasses a survey of a sample population to ascertain the effectiveness of the use of technology, which confirm that technology creates an interesting environment for learners and make the learning process easy for them. Language acquisition is a significant activity in human life as proper language skills are crucial not only for every day communication but also for academic careers and profession. Language is the basic tool of communication and without adequate language skills people cannot attain success in their studies or jobs. Most of the educational systems across the world prescribe the study of one or more language, other than the mother tongue of the country, as part of the academic curriculum. Second language learning aims at expanding the knowledge of students in an additional language so that they can understand and appreciate another culture. Besides, it can also help them get job opportunities in other countries as well as communicate with people from other regions. Thus, in the modern world, where humans are living in a globalized environment, the learning of at least one second assumes high significance. Words are the most important component of language and, therefore, in order to attain adequate skills in the use of language a person needs to develop vocabulary in that language. So far the learning of words and their context occurs in the first language incidentally as people receive the opportunity to interact with others right from their childhood. On the other hand, second language cannot be learned in this manner as it may not be in use in the social environment of the person who learns that language. Second language

Outline for essay topoc. Critically cinsider the role of insuranse law

Outline for topoc. Critically cinsider the role of insuranse law and practice in the regulation of international business transactions - Essay Example Regulations of insurance agents and insurance companies will also be introduced. There will be arguments on insurance policies and regulatory issues concerning risk and operation management of insurance businesses. There will be a discussion of the nature and fundamentals of insurance, its functions and purpose in commerce, and its effects and function on tort litigation and recovery. These will be discussed in relation to insurance contract, structure, interpretation, and use. This section will discuss international company, business transactions involving insurance law. Examples of treaties and international trades will be highlighted, as well as the benefits and effects to the global economy. This section will highlight private law of transactions involving the movement of goods from one country to another. It will also describe the public law controls which effect such transactions and transactions which are governed by other legal systems such as WTO. This section will describe the way in which major projects are financed, focusing on the key features of the financing and the players who bring infrastructure projects to life.   There will be emphasis on the key legal and other risks in the project financing. This section will examine the international trade landscape, the main institutional protagonist, namely the World Trade Organization, and its rules. It will also examine the legal issues surrounding cross-border investment decisions and disputes Oduntan, Gbenga C.I.F. Gatwick and Other Such Nonsense Upon Stilts: Incoterms and the Law, Jargon and Practice of International Business Transactions6. International Company and Commercial Law Review, (2010). Organization. RH, Robert Hunter, Federal Insurance Administrator from 1974 to 1978, is president of the National Insurance,Consumer Organization. REFORM INSURANCE, NOT LIABILITY LAW; TAMING THE LATEST INSURANCE CRISIS. New York Times 1986 Apr

Are knowledge and talent skills that can be taught in the workplace, Essay

Are knowledge and talent skills that can be taught in the workplace, or are they only acquired from experience - Essay Example Knowledge can be acquired through both teaching of an individual at the workplace and can also be acquired through experience. It is noteworthy that no skills are inborn but they are acquired by an individual as they grow. Many employers write job descriptions requiring skills for certain posts. Most hiring employers look for employees with certain skills rather than an individual with best talents. It is important for managers to understand that skill is a learned competence and everyone can be taught to develop a particular skill. Talent is a gift from God and reflects etymological roots of an individual. Talent cannot be taught in a workplace. If one wants to be a salesman, then with enough training, he or she can be taught to acquire this particular skill. In fields such as accounting, many people can read bank statements but few people can manage to manipulate the statements to identify viable investment opportunities. Communication is another area that clearly differentiates be tween the inborn or gifted characteristic and skills that can be acquired through teaching. Some people can talk throughout the day and what they are talking about influences other people. Some people have no ability to talk even for one hour. From these, we can note that skills can be acquired through teaching and experience (Santana, 2005). For more than 10 years, I have been hiring talented and skillful personnel to be my operations assistants. Last year, I was looking for a person with high profile in terms of skills that they were taught. I decided to employ a young man who had no skills.. I hired him because he had passion in the job. It was very fortunate that he learned how to do the job within a short period of time; he became the best among my employees. He turned out to be very productive more than the rest of the employees. From this, I learned that skills and knowledge can be acquired

Analytically Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analytically - Essay Example ‘Recitatif’ showcases the impact of mothers on the children and how it helps to build their character in the long run. Hazel is the protagonist of ‘Gorilla, My Love’ and Twyla is the key narrator of ‘Racitatif’. Both are strong influenced by their mother. Hazel is interesting mix of childish curiosity and strong demeanour that is intolerant of anything that is perceived as wrong and takes up the cudgel to fight for their rights, just like her mother. Hazel’s mother supports her unconditionally in her fight against any injustices. The writer confirms that that her mother ‘come up there in a minute when them teachers start playin the dozens behind colored folks’. She had learnt to fight for her rights, even when the opponents were much older than her! It was quite evident when she confronts theater manager for refund because the movie was not about ‘Gorlla, My Love’ but a religious movie. When she is not taken seriously and does not get refund, she deliberately ‘lit a candy stand on fire’. This reflects Hazel’s strong will and her desire to be taken seriously. Hazel’s shows the same tenacious nature when she is informed that her uncle had changed his name in order to get married. She is upset when Hunca Bubba becomes Uncle Vale which is unacceptable because it challenges the very values with which she was brought up, the values which forbid lying as bad. Moreover, her Hunca Bubba now cannot marry her as because ‘that was somebody else. I’m a new somebody’ (Bambara, 4). Hazel is confused and upset because her beliefs that elders stick to what they say has now been shattered. The way children are not taken seriously and lied constantly on small pretext by elders presents the dilemma of growing up that is probably faced by all children. Twyla’s mother, on the other hand tends to covertly influence her behavior which is reflected when they follow their morals in their growing up stage. Her mother

The nature and scope of marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The nature and scope of marketing - Essay Example Marketing is about developing winning offers to each segment of customers. Furthermore, marketing is about managing productive customer relationships by attracting new customers and retaining existing one through offer of quality goods and services as well as satisfying them. They also measure the level of company’s brand image and customer’s satisfaction level. Selling and marketing have to be differentiated clearly. Selling mainly focuses on the sellers needs while marketing focuses on satisfying the buyer’s needs through product and everything that is linked with its creation, delivery and consumption. There are four pillars that support the marketing concept and they include; the target market, the needs of the consumer, integrated marketing and profitability. The marketing concept unlike selling takes a unique perspective. It begins its focus on a market that is well defined, focuses on the various needs of consumers, organizes activities that influence the consumers and makes profits through customer satisfaction. The fundamental marketing concepts include; marketing analysis, customer behavior, marketing instruments and marketing strategies. The nature and scope of marketing Over the past years, the argument on marketing nature and scope has continued to build up. This issue has resulted in newer definitions being introduced in some of the marketing textbooks. However, it is the obligation of the marketers to clearly give a clarification on what they would like the scope of their field to be like. This requirement results from the definition of marketing. It is referred to as a declaration of the scope of the field that has to be decided in a way that benefits the subject’s theoreticians, practitioners, and even teachers. In order to define the marketing scope in a logical way, standards ought to be established. These standards will provide useful guidance in testing all the marketing definition. Usually marketing task is perc eived to be that of creating, promoting and delivering different products and services to various consumers and businesses. Marketing is a wide subject involving a number of activities, which are aimed at increasing market share, retaining customers and adding new customers. The scope of marketing is classified to include; first, the study of the needs and wants of a consumer, the aim of production of goods is to satisfy different human wants. Therefore it is the obligation of every marketer to study consumer’s needs and wants. Consumers are motivated to buy the goods and services by their needs and wants. Secondly, marketing concern itself to the study of behavior of the buyer and competitors. The study of an individual buyer behavior is emphasized in the modern marketing. For market segmentation and market targeting, a marketer has to carefully analyze the customers’ pattern of behavior. The study of competitors helps a business entity to establish own competitive ad vantage and explore the strengths to win more customers. Thirdly, marketing involves planning and development of product. In marketing, product remains to be the core. The planning and development of a product begins with product idea creation and ends with the product commercialization and development. The decisions such as branding, packaging, labeling and grading comes under the product planning. It also covers existing product lines expansion or

What is the operating system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

What is the operating system - Essay Example only simple pointer acting according to our commands, but actually there is a whole software program that is running behind the scenes, and is controlling all its moves. That software program is the OS. When we purchase a computer system, it may or may not have an OS in it. The user has to install it. There are different types of OS, which have come over the period. For example, Windows 2000/XP/7 (types of Windows OS which is the most common OS developed by Microsoft, compatible with PC and IBM), Apple Mac OS (which is the only OS introduced by and for Apple), Ubuntu Linux (PC and IBM compatible, a variant of Linux), Google Android (which is a new OS that goes with smart phones that support Android functionalities), and iOS (for Apple iPhones). Hence, OS can be found not only in computers, but also in small electronic devices like mobile phones nowadays. Discussion about OS cannot be completed with an account of how to install an OS. Suppose that you have to install Windows 7. Place Windows 7 DVD in the DVD-ROM, and start the PC. This starts Windows 7 booting, followed by a progress bar. A screen appears that asks for language, time and currency format, and also the input method. After inserting user settings, click the install option after reading the license terms. Select Custom (Advanced) option, and disregard the Upgrade option to do a clean install. Select the appropriate drive where the Windows files will be installed. Windows 7 will start copying files to the hard disk while rebooting the system a few times in a number of steps. PC reboots from the DVD, since it is the first boot device. After the reboot, select the computer name and the username. An account with the name of administrator will be created. Now, select password and password hint for the administrator’s account. Type the product key, although you can stil l proceed but that will be a trial version then. Windows will have to be activated within the next thirty days. Review your settings,

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic management - Essay Example Apart from these airlines, British Airways also supports varied other airlines as well such as Cambian Airways and Northeast Airways. Along with scheduled services, British Airways is also affianced in the functions of both international and domestic carrier of freight, ancillary services and mails. It is the largest airline of the UK, which includes a fleet size of 234. British Airways is also a constituent of the ‘FTSE 100 Index’ (British Airways, n.d.). British Airways is the ‘flag carrier’ airline of the United Kingdom and so it is also referred as a national carrier. It is a premium airline of the UK which flies to more than 300 destinations all over the globe comprising total number of customer base of 32 million in the year 2009-2010. Hence, it earned total revenue of ?8 billion in the year 2009-2010, which reveals that it is quite successful as compared to other apparent airways of the UK. Therefore, it is the market leader in this sector in the UK ( British Airways. 2010). Apart from this, via its varied types of functions and alliance partners such as Qantas of Australia, TAT European Airways of France and US Airways of the United states, British Airways encompasses to serve its customers outstanding services at every point. Thus, the underlining fact is to satisfy the customers and to enhance their loyalty and dependency over British Airways, which is extremely essential to retain its position in the market of the UK as well as the world in long run. Moreover, it also attempts to augment its operational performance and the quality of practices in order to fulfil customer needs and desires (British Airways, n. d.). This report mainly highlights the varied aspects and importance of British Airways in a brief way. Moreover, a detailed analysis explaining the success story of British Airways is also described with the help of various strategic tools such as PESTLE analysis, Porter’s five forces model and value chain analys is. Moreover, the business strategy of British Airways is also evaluated in an explicit way with the help of Porter’s generic strategies. Certain recommendations are also provided to the managers for further growth and development. Analysis of British Airways British Airways is a reputed airline of the UK and is operated under the parent organisation named International Airline Group (IAG). It is functioning with a common objective of offering an excellent experience of flying to the customers by serving eminent services. This facilitates British Airways to enhance its brand image and identity among other airline players in the market of the UK (British Airways. 2010). In the subsequent segment, the organisation i.e. British Airways is critically analysed in order to evaluate the underlining factors of its success. This can be possible by evaluating both the external and internal factors of British Airways with the help of PESTLE analysis. PESTLE Analysis PESTLE analysis is a vital marketing tool, which is utilised to judge the market conditions. It also helps to detect how various factors such as political, economic, technological, social and environmental factors prove